Problems of Unemployment in India Essay

India as a nation is faced with massive problem of un use. Unemployment can be defined as a state of worklessness for a man fit and willing to work. It is a condition of involuntary and not voluntary idleness. Some features of unemployment have been identified as follows1.The incidence of unemployment is much high in urban areas than in rural areas. 2.Unemployment rates for women are higher than those for men. 3.The incidence of unemployment among the educated is much higher than the overall unemployment. 4.There is greater unemployment in boorish sector than in industrial and other major sectors. Economists and genial thinkers have classified unemployment into various types. Generally unemployment can be classified in twain types(1) Voluntary unemploymentIn this type of unemployment a person is out of job of his own desire doesnt work on the prevalent or appointive salary. Either he wants higher wages or doesnt want to work at all. It is in fact social problem leading to socia l disorganization. Social problems and forces such as a revolution, a social upheaval, a class struggle, a financial or economic crisis a war amidst nations, mental illness, political corruption mounting unemployment and crime etc. threaten the smooth working of society. Social value are often regarded as the sustaining forces of society. They move over to the strength and stability of social order. But due to rapid social change new values come up and some of the nonagenarian values decline. At the same time, people are not is a position to reject the old completely and accept the new altogether. Here, conflict between the old and the new is the inevitable result which leads to the social disorganization in imposed situation. In economic terminology this situation is voluntary unemployment. (2) In voluntary unemploymentIn this type of situation the person who is unemployed has no say in the matter. It means that a person is separated from remunerative work and devoid of wages al though he is capable of earning his wages and is also anxious to earn them. Forms and types of unemployment according to Hock are. a.Cyclical unemployment This is the result of the profession cycle which is a part of the capitalist system. In such a system, there is greater unemployment and when there is depression a large number of people are rendered unemployed. Since such an economic crisis is the result of trade cycle, the unemployment is a part of it. b.Sudden unemployment When at the place where workers have been employed there is some change, a large number of persons are unemployed. It all happens in the industries, trades and commerce where people are employed for a job and suddenly when the job has terminate they are asked to go.c.Unemployment caused by failure of Industries In many cases, a descent concern a factory or an industry has to close down. There may be various factors responsible for it there may be dispute amongst the partners, the business may give hug e loss or the business may not turn out to be useful and so on. d.Unemployment caused by disablement in Industry and business In various industries, trades or business, sometimes, there is deterioration. This deterioration may be due to various factors. In efficiency of the employers, precipitous competitions less profit etc. are some of the factors responsible for deterioration in the industry and the business. e.Seasonal unemployment Certain industries and traders engage workers for a particular season. When the season has ended the workers are rendered unemployed. Sugar industry is an example of this type of seasonal unemployment.The problem of unemployment has becoming a colossal. Various problems have caused this problem. There are individual factors standardized age, vocational unfitness and physical disabilities which restrict the people. External factors include technological and economic factors. There is enormous increase in the tribe. Every year India adds to her po pulation afresh. More than this every year about 5 million people puzzle eligible for securing jobs. Business field is subject to ups and downs of trade cycle and globalization. economical depression or sick industries are often close down compelling their employees to become unemployed. Technological advancement contributes to economic development .But unplanned and anarchic growth of technology is causing havoc on job opportunities.The computerization and automation has led to technological unemployment. Strikes and lockouts have become inseparable aspect of the industrial world today. Due to these industries often face economic loses and production comes down. Since workers do not get any salary or wages during the strike consummation they suffer from economic hardships. They become permanently or temporarily unemployed. Today young people are not ready to take jobs which are considered to be socially degrading or lowly. Our educational system has its own irreparable defects and its contribution to the unemployment is an open truth.Our education does not prepare the minds of young generation to become self-employed on the contrary it makes them dependent on government vacancies which are hard to come.Our State right from the beginning of Five year plans has introduced several employment generating schemes and programmes over the years but in the absence of proper implementation and monitoring have failed to achieve the required targets. Recently UPA Government has come up with Rural Employment Guarantee program which aims to provide minimum days of employment to people living in the villages. This is a laudable programme if utilize sincerely because it will provide employment to people during natural calamities like drought, floods etc. The remedial measures for reducing unemployment may lay greater emphasis on creation of opportunities for self -employment, augmentation of productivity and income levels of the working poor, shift in emphasis from crea tion of relief type of employment to the building up of durable productive assets in the rural areas and instead of attempting to revert somewhat to protectionist policies the pace of privatization may be accelerated.